In numerous countries, the second quarter of 2026 has been marked by notable events, as terrorist and militant organisations continue their operations in conflict zones to enhance and reinforce their power.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Iran.

(1) On 8 June 26, Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence successfully dismantled four terrorist cells and apprehended around 19 members in several locations, including Sistan and Baluchistan, Yazd, and Semnan. The operation also led to the fatalities of one security officer and five terrorists. A large cache of firearms and explosive materials was also discovered and seized during the operation.

(2) The operation conducted by Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence, which successfully dismantled four terrorist cells, demonstrates the effectiveness of intelligence operations in detecting and disrupting terrorist networks before they are able to carry out attacks. The arrest of approximately 19 suspects, the killing of five terrorists, and the confiscation of a large cache of firearms and explosive materials are expected to significantly undermine the group’s operational capabilities. The operation reflects the Iranian authorities’ continued commitment to strengthening national security and actively addressing terrorism threats.

b. Turkiye.

(1) On 7 Apr 26, three-armed men opened fire on Turkish security forces outside the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul. Turkish security personnel killed one of the assailants and apprehended the other two. The attack also injured two security personnel. The deceased attacker was identified as Yunus E.S., while the two suspects arrested were identified as Onur C. and Enes C. According to a statement by the Turkish Ministry of Interior, Yunus was reportedly linked to a terrorist group that exploits religion to advance its agenda in Turkiye.

(2) On 13 May 26, Turkish authorities arrested 324 suspects in a nationwide operation targeting the Daesh terrorist group across 47 provinces, including major cities such as Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir. The operation was conducted in cooperation with the National Intelligence Organisation (MIT). During the operation, the authorities also seized one handgun, four rifles, 122 rounds of ammunition, and financial assets estimated to be worth USD 213,000.

(3) On 17 June 26, the National Intelligence Organisation (MIT) successfully arrested a senior Daesh leader who was attempting to enter Türkiye illegally through a border crossing. The suspect was identified as Ahmet Kazanci @ Abu Ubeyde @ Abu Ibrahim, who was responsible for overseeing the terrorist group’s Turkish-language media operations.

(4) The series of attacks carried out by the Daesh terrorist group may have been intended as a provocation or as a warning to demonstrate that the group remains operational and capable of threatening Turkiye national security. Daesh is also believed to use the local language as part of its propaganda strategy to attract and recruit more individuals by delivering its messaging in a language that is more easily understood by the local. The counter-terrorism operations conducted by the Turkish security forces reflect the government’s strong commitment to disrupting Daesh’s activities and preventing the spread of its extremist ideology within the country  

c. India.

d. Pakistan.

(1) On 9 May 26, 14 police officers were killed in an ambush targeting a security checkpoint in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Ittehad-ul-Mujahideen Pakistan, a splinter group of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), claimed responsibility for the attack.

(2) On 24 May 26, the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) claimed responsibility for a bombing attack targeting a train in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. The attack killed nearly 24 people and left more than 70 others seriously injured.

(3) On 17 June 26, three members of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) were confirmed killed during an operation conducted by the Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Mardan, Pakistan. The three suspects were identified as Hayat Khan (also known as Hayatullah), Asim, and Aminullah. During the operation, CTD officers also recovered three rifles, hand grenades, and a quantity of ammunition from the scene.

(4) These three significant incidents demonstrate that the terrorism threat in Pakistan remains at a high level, particularly in the southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) continue to demonstrate the capability to carry out high-impact attacks targeting critical infrastructure and soft targets. This suggests that both groups retain operational capability, established logistical networks, and the capacity to recruit members to sustain their terrorist activities. Accordingly, sustained intelligence operations, offensive counter-terrorism measures, and robust security enforcement by Pakistan’s security forces remain essential to degrading these groups’ capabilities and reducing the risk of further attacks. To mitigate the likelihood of similar incidents, Pakistan should strengthen security cooperation and intelligence-sharing with international partners, particularly neighboring countries and strategic allies. Pakistani security forces are also likely to intensify military and intelligence operations in the country’s northwestern regions and along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border to identify terrorist networks and disrupt their logistical support. 

e. Syria

(1) On 27 Apr 26, Syrian security forces successfully dismantled a terrorist cell that was planning attacks and attempting to disrupt public security in western Hom’s province. The operation resulted in the death of two members of the terrorist group and the seizure of a large quantity of weapons, including anti-tank missile launchers, sniper rifles, RPG launchers, ammunition, and explosives.

(2) On 22 June 26, Syrian authorities successfully arrested a bomb and weapons manufacturing expert affiliated with the Daesh terrorist group in eastern Syria. The individual was identified as Akram Saleh al-Hamad, also known as Abdo Tasni’a. He was also linked to several attacks targeting Syrian security forces.

(3) On 24 June 26, the US Central Command (CENTCOM) successfully eliminated a senior Daesh leader identified as Ali Husayn al-‘Ulaywi through an airstrike in northwestern Syria.

(4) These security operations represent significant developments in the context of counter-terrorism efforts and the security situation in Syria. The dismantling of terrorist cells, arrests, and elimination of key figures have the potential to disrupt attack planning and weaken operational networks, particularly those linked to Daesh in Syria. Although Daesh has lost most of its territorial control, the threat remains persistent through the presence of sleeper cells, sympathisers, and supporters operating covertly. Therefore, continuous efforts to identify and neutralise key Daesh elements must be maintained to prevent the group’s resurgence and reduce threats to regional security. 

f. Mali

(1) On 25 Apr 26, Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Al-Qaeda-linked terrorist group, claimed responsibility for coordinated attacks targeting several major cities in Bamako, Mali. The attacks also involved the Azawad Liberation Front (ALF) separatist group. The Malian Minister of Defence was also killed in the attack.

(2) The coordinated attacks by JNIM, with the support of the Azawad Liberation Front (ALF) separatist group, demonstrate the increasing operational capabilities of terrorist groups in conducting large-scale and well-planned attacks against strategic targets in Mali. The successful takeover of several major cities and the death of the Malian Defence Minister have significant implications for the country’s security situation and political stability. The cooperation between terrorist organisations and local armed groups has the potential to weaken government control and further increase instability across the Sahel region. Therefore, security forces need to implement more aggressive offensive measures to contain the resurgence and expansion of terrorist groups in the region.

g. Nigeria

(1) On 16 May 26, A joint operation conducted by United States and Nigerian security agencies successfully eliminated a senior Daesh leader in the Lake Chad region. The suspect was identified as Abu Bilal Al-Minuki, also known as Abu Mainok. He was reportedly the second-in-command of Daesh at the global level.

(2) On 3 June 26, Nigerian security forces operating under Operation Hadin Kai successfully killed 50 terrorists, including a senior commander of the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), in Borno, Nigeria. The senior ISWAP commander was identified as Khalifa Umar, who was believed to have played a significant role as a key decision-maker within the group.

(3) On 22 June 26, A total of 11 farmers were killed in two terrorist attacks in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. The Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) claimed responsibility for the attacks.

(4) Recent developments in Nigeria demonstrate the continued commitment of Nigerian security forces and their international strategic partners in combating terrorism within the country. These incidents indicate that Nigeria continues to face persistent terrorist threats from groups such as Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP). The attacks also highlight that militant groups continue to maintain significant operational capabilities despite sustained pressure from Nigerian security forces. The latest successes further demonstrate the effectiveness of Nigeria’s offensive approach in disrupting the organisational structures of militant groups operating in the country. Nigerian security forces are expected to continue applying pressure against terrorist organisations to gradually weaken their influence and operational capabilities.

h. Kenya

(1) On 8 Apr 26, an operation conducted by the Directorate of Criminal Investigation (DCI) successfully dismantled an Al-Shabaab terrorist group supply network in Eastleigh, Nairobi, Kenya. Among the items seized were uniforms suspected of being used for impersonation purposes and other related activities.

(2) On 22 June 26, Kenyan Defence Forces (KDF) successfully thwarted an attempted attack by the Al-Shabaab terrorist group targeting a military camp in Central Mandera County, Kenya. The swift response by security forces forced Al-Shabaab militants to withdraw before they could breach the perimeter of the critical security installation.

(3) Recent developments indicate that the threat posed by the Al-Shabaab terrorist group in Kenya is increasing, with military camps becoming targeted objectives for terrorist attacks. The swift actions taken by Kenyan security forces in thwarting the attempted attack on a military camp in Central Mandera have disrupted the group’s logistical support activities while demonstrating the high level of preparedness among security forces. Overall, these efforts are expected to restrict Al-Shabaab’s freedom of movement and reduce its operational capabilities in Kenya, particularly in areas near the Somalia border.

i. Somalia

(1) On 6 Apr 26, Somali security forces conducted an airstrike targeting the Al-Shabaab terrorist group in Baidoa, Somalia. The strike successfully killed 12 terrorist while several others were injured.

(2) On 20 Apr 26, Somali security forces neutralised one terrorist and injured two others during Operation Waabari, which targeted Al-Shabaab’s extortion activities in the Lower Shabelle region. The deceased terrorist was identified as Zakariye, while the two individuals were identified as Xasan Cabdiraxmaan and Geele. Operation Waabari was a joint operation involving security forces and officers from the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).

(3) On 6 May 26, Somali National Army (SNA) conducted a security operation targeting the Al-Shabaab group in Mudug Region. The operation successfully killed 13 Al-Shabaab members and injured two others. The operation was part of three concurrent counter-terrorism operations aimed to disrupt the activities of the terrorist group across the region.

(4) The success of the Somali Intelligence Agency in dismantling Al-Shabaab terrorist networks demonstrates the capability and effectiveness of Somalia’s intelligence and security apparatus. Based on these three incidents, it shows that Somali security forces continue to intensify offensive operations against the Al-Shabaab group across several key regions, including Baidoa, Lower Shabelle, and Mudug. These continued actions reflect the Somali government’s commitment to degrading terrorists operational capabilities and logistical networks. 

j. Chad

(1) On 5 May 26, Boko Haram launched an attack against a military post on Barka Tolorom Island, Lake Chad. The attack resulted in the deaths of at least 23 personnel, while 26 others were injured.

(2) This attack demonstrates that the group continues to possess the capability to conduct terrorist act against critical security installations, particularly in the Lake Chad region, which remains difficult to control. The high number of casualties reflects the level of planning and operational capability of the group in exploiting geographical challenges and security vulnerabilities in remote areas. The incident also indicates that Boko Haram continues to maintain a strategy of targeting security assets and personnel to weaken government operational capabilities, while simultaneously affecting the morale of security forces and local communities. In addition, the attack is expected to encourage authorities to strengthen security measures in border areas and enhance operational cooperation among member states of the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF). Measures such as intelligence sharing, joint patrols, and coordinated operations are expected to be intensified to restrict Boko Haram’s movements and reduce the risk of further attacks in the Lake Chad region.

k. United States

(1) On 9 June 26, Manhattan Federal Court, US, sentenced a former Taliban commander to 42 years in prison for charges related to kidnapping and involvement in terrorist activities. Haji Najibullah pleaded guilty to supporting the Taliban terrorist group in its efforts to kill US authorities and kidnapping of a journalist identified as David Rohde.

(2) In the context of ongoing conflicts and rising geopolitical tensions, countries allied with the US are expected to continue facing internal security challenges. These threats do not only emerge in the form of proxy operations but are also compounded by the increasing activities of lone wolf actor who act independently while being influenced by extremist narratives or global geopolitical sentiments. 

l. Georgia

(1) On 21 Apr 26, two individuals were arrested by the Georgian authorities on allegations of involvement with the Daesh terrorist group in Batumi, Georgia. One of the suspects was a Georgian national, while the other was a foreign national. They were alleged to have pledged allegiance to Daesh through a video recording that was sent to the group’s leadership. Georgian security forces seized various items of evidence, including electronic data storage devices, unregistered SIM cards, mobile phones, items bearing Daesh symbols, masks, personal documents, and other evidential materials.

(2) The arrest of two individuals suspected of having links to Daesh indicates that the terrorism threat in Georgia extends beyond the potential for physical attacks and also encompasses radicalisation activities and ideological support. The seizure of various items of evidence, including electronic devices, unregistered SIM cards, and Daesh propaganda materials, reflects the authorities’ efforts to identify and dismantle the group’s support networks at an early stage. This proactive approach is expected to reduce the risk of Daesh expanding its influence while strengthening domestic security through enhanced monitoring and preventive counter-terrorism measures. 

Throughout various countries, the first quarter of 2026 has been characterised by significant developments, with terrorist and militant groups sustaining their activities in conflict areas to consolidate and strengthen their influence.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Pakistan.

(1) On 6 Feb 26, a suicide bombing took place at Khadija al-Kubra Mosque in Islamabad during Friday prayers. The incident resulted in the deaths of 32 worshippers and left 162 others injured. Pakistan’s Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Defence blamed India and Afghanistan of involvement in the attack. However, both governments dismissed the accusations and denied any participation. Follow-up actions by the Pakistani security forces successfully led to the arrest of four individuals suspected of coordinating the attack. A terrorist group linked to Daesh claimed responsibility for the attack.

(2) On 17 Feb 26, a total of 11 members of the Pakistani security forces and one child lost their lives, while 25 others sustained injuries in multiple suicide bombing incidents in Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The attack was believed to have been orchestrated by the terrorist group Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). The group reportedly rammed a vehicle laden with explosives into a military checkpoint located at the border entry.

(3) The bombing incident highlights the continuing threat posed by the terrorist group Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and the persistent Daesh factions still active in the country. The objectives of these terrorist organisations encompass prominent regions like the capital city of Pakistan and various chosen hotspots. The event highlights the resurgence of TTP activities, as the organisation seems to grow bolder in executing assaults on major urban and strategic areas, thereby raising the potential for large-scale attacks in the future. The accusations regarding the participation of the two countries constitute a sensitive issue that Pakistan should avoid. Those accusations might potentially lead to prolonged tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which may undermine regional stability, particularly within the context of South Asian security. To curb the possibility of further similar attacks, Pakistani security forces are anticipated to strengthen security cooperation and intelligence exchange with international partners, particularly neighboring countries and strategic allies. Pakistani security forces are also likely to intensify military and intelligence operations in the northwestern regions of the country, as well as along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border, in order to track terrorist networks and disrupt their logistical support channels. 

b. Somalia.

(1) On 24 Feb 26, Somalia’s intelligence agency, alongside the security forces, conducted four coordinated operations that effectively neutralised 23 members of the terrorist group Al-Shabaab. The operations were conducted in the regions near Shabelle and Hiiraan. Based on an official statement from the intelligence agency, the offensive operations were launched based on intelligence information confirming that elements of the group were preparing to carry out attacks on several towns in the surrounding areas. The implementation of these operations is believed to have foiled the group’s attack plans and weakened its operational capabilities within the affected sectors.

(2) On 6 Feb 26, National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) conducted a major operation in Bu’aale, Middle Juba Region, recognized as a stronghold of Al-Shabaab. The operation targeted the group’s administrative and political headquarters, as well as its sophisticated media and propaganda centers, including facilities used for Radio Al-Andalus broadcasts and the Al-Kataib media unit. The goal was to dismantle the group’s unofficial administrative framework and hinder its capacity to spread radical media content. Based on intelligence reports, NISA effectively eliminated broadcasting equipment, advanced cameras, and data servers employed for the group’s propaganda activities. The operation also neutralised multiple terrorist elements, while dismantling vital assets that support Al-Shabaab’s logistics and media operations in Bu’aale.

(3) The effectiveness of Somalia’s intelligence agency in breaking up Al-Shabaab’s activities illustrates the increasing proficiency and effectiveness of Somali security force intelligence operations. The successful neutralisation of militant elements on the ground, along with the dismantling of administrative and propaganda infrastructure in Bu’aale, has both diminished the group’s operational abilities and disrupted its command structure, communications, and ideological dissemination network. The discovery of sophisticated propaganda equipment indicates that the organisation prioritises social media as a as a medium for disseminating information to potential supporters, thus boosting its ability to recruit new members. In this regard, Somali security forces must ensure the continuity of operational pressure and intelligence enhancement to ensure that these tactical successes can be translated into long-term strategic outcomes.  

c. Syria.

d. Nigeria.

(1) On 1 Mar 25, the terrorist group Boko Haram launched an attack on a military base at the Banki junction in Borno, Nigeria. The attack, which occurred at around 0400 hours, resulted in the death of a military officer holding the rank of Major, along with several other security personnel.

(2) On 19 Jan 26, Boko Haram group attacked a Nigerian military in Borno State, killing at least eight soldiers and injuring around 50 others in the Timbuktu Triangle area. The military reported that they had earlier eliminated multiple militant bases in the region and thwarted a planned assault involving a Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED), which included the demolition of a vehicle filled with explosives. Nonetheless, a second VBIED succeeded in penetrating defensive lines, resulting in the deaths of several soldiers and members of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF).

(3) Based on both incidents, the attacks carried out by Boko Haram demonstrate that the group still maintains significant operational capability despite sustained pressure from Nigerian security forces. The attack patterns employed, including the use of Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED) and assaults on military bases during early morning hours, reflect a level of structured tactical planning and the ability to penetrate security defences. The success of certain militant groups in overcoming perimeter security despite early preventive actions reveals gaps in defensive layers and emphasises the necessity to improve preparedness and early warning systems. A more integrated operational approach involving strengthened intelligence capabilities, improved base defence systems, and rapid response capacity is critical to curbing the group’s freedom of movement and sustained attack capability.

e. United States

(1) On 1 Mar 26, a man identified as Ndiaga Diagne, aged 53, opened fire indiscriminately at a bar in Texas, resulting in the deaths of two civilians and injuries to 14 others. Preliminary investigations by local authorities found that the suspect possessed images related to Iranian leadership and was reportedly wearing clothing featuring the Iranian flag during the incident.

(2) On 12 Mar 26, a former terrorism convict carried out a random shooting targeting military personnel member. The incident, which occurred at Constant Hall, resulted in the death of a senior military officer, while two other personnel were seriously injured. The attack began at approximately 10:43 a.m. inside a lecture hall being used for a Military Science programme. The suspect, identified as Mohamed Bailor Jalloh, aged 36, was reportedly heard shouting “Allahu Akbar” shortly before opening fire on individuals inside the room. Nevertheless, a group of students from the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program who were at the location effectively halted the suspect’s actions. The students physically overpowered the suspect, who was pronounced dead at the scene before police arrived. The suspect was a United States citizen of Sierra Leonean origin residing in Sterling.

(3) Amid ongoing conflicts and rising geopolitical tensions, nations allied with the United States are likely to keep encountering internal security issues. These threats are not only manifested through proxy operations but are also reinforced by the increase in lone wolf activities carried out by individuals acting independently while being influenced by extremist narratives or global geopolitical sentiments.

f. United Kingdom

(1) On 24 Mar 26, four ambulances belonging to a Jewish voluntary emergency service in north London were deliberately set on fire in an incident being investigated as an anti-Semitic hate crime. The event took place in the Golders Green region and involved flammable substances, leading to explosions from oxygen tanks and damage to nearby houses but no injuries were reported. Law enforcement agencies, including anti-terrorism are presently carrying out investigations and tracking down several suspects identified via CCTV footage.

(2) Although the incident is being investigated as a hate-motivated act driven by anti-Semitic sentiment, the attack has also been linked to the conflict between the United States and Iran. There were also claims of responsibility by a group allegedly associated with Iran, although this has yet to be verified. These three attack events demonstrate that extremist ideologies no longer require direct instructions from terrorist organisations to trigger acts of violence. These circumstances also illustrate that global conflicts can impact on the domestic security of nearby nations. The spread of propaganda through social media and cyberspace enables radicalisation processes to occur rapidly and covertly, thereby producing perpetrators who are difficult for authorities to detect. Additionally, the growing tendency towards high-impact yet low-cost attacks, such as the use of firearms or improvised explosive devices, further increases the level of threat to public security.

Throughout various countries, the fourth quarter of 2025 has been characterised by significant developments, with terrorist and militant groups sustaining their activities in conflict areas to consolidate and strengthen their influence.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Pakistan.

(1) On 20 Oct 25, five (5) security personnel from Pakistan and eight (8) militants were killed, while 10 others sustained injuries in an ambush on the outskirts of Dera Ismail Khan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The clash took place when a heavily armed militant group attacked the security personnel assigned to protect the main gas pipeline project in the area. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack so far; however, the modus operandi used suggests the involvement of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

(2) On 11 Nov 25, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) executed a suicide bombing that killed at least 12 people and injured 27 others in the Islamabad District Court area, Pakistan. The incident began when a suicide bomber reportedly attempted to access the court premises but detonated himself at the main entrance after being unable to bypass security. The intense blast occurred near a police vehicle, causing significant destruction and casualties at the scene.

(3) These attacks and clashes underscore the persistent threat posed by the TTP terrorist group to government facilities and national security, especially in prominent locations like Pakistan’s capital and specific hotspot regions. This incident signifies a resurgence of TTP activities, which are now regarded as more daring in focusing on significant urban and strategic locations, potentially paving the way for large-scale attacks. This may be occurring because of the persistent tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which weaken regional stability, especially regarding South Asian security. Pakistan’s security forces are expected to enhance security cooperation and intelligence-sharing with international partners, particularly neighbouring countries and strategic allies. In addition, Pakistan’s security forces are expected to military and intelligence efforts in the northwestern regions of the country and adjacent to the Pakistan–Afghanistan border to track down terrorist networks and disrupt their logistical support. Furthermore, actions to enhance security measures in major city areas are anticipated to be carried out, particularly at government buildings and judicial premises that are highly vulnerable to potential terrorist attacks. 

b. Somalia.

(1)       On 6 Nov 25, Daesh executed an ambush against members of the Puntland Defence Force (PDF) near the Shankali well in the Baallade Valley, Bari region. The attack resulted in the deaths of 10 PDF members and left 20 others injured, while Daesh captured several weapons belonging to the PDF.

(2)       On 26 Nov 25, Somali security forces conducted a military operation that successfully eliminated a high-ranking leader of the terrorist group Al-Shabaab in the Cumar Beere area of Lower Shabelle, Somalia. The leader, identified as Hassan Sidow Hussein, was a key figure within Al-Shabaab’s operational structure and served as the head of operations for the Middle Shabelle, Hiran and Galgaduud regions. He was recognised as a key planner in organising the group’s activities and was deeply engaged in improvised explosive device (IED) operations.

(3)      The continued Daesh attacks against PDF personnel over the last month have been identified through a series of reported incidents. It indicating that Daesh is likely to persist in carrying out similar isolated attacks to disrupt PDF operations in selected regions for a certain period. Somalia continues to face a significant threat from Al-Shabaab, which remains active in carrying out attacks and terrorist activities across various regions of the country. These latest advancements indicate that the terrorist organisation retains operational abilities that can endanger national security. Nonetheless, the achievement of the military operation by Somali security forces in removing this crucial Al-Shabaab individual is predicted to influence the terrorist organisation tactically, especially regarding operational coordination and IED operations. His absence could diminish the internal cohesion of the terrorist organization in the short term, though Al-Shabaab is likely to try to address the void swiftly. Consequently, Somali security forces are believed to continue intensifying security operations as a proactive measure to protect civilians and disrupt the terrorist network’s support structures and infrastructure in the country.  

c. Syria.

d. Nigeria.

(1)        On 25 Dec 25, U.S. launched an airstrike against terrorists linked to the Daesh group in Sokoto State, Northwestern Nigeria. Further details regarding casualties and damage were not disclosed. U.S. stated that the strike was carried out based on intelligence and with approval from the Nigerian government.

(2)      These recent developments in Nigeria demonstrate the ongoing commitment of Nigerian security forces, alongside international partners, in combating terrorism within the nation. Nigerian security forces are expected to maintain sustained pressure on terrorist groups in the country, ensuring that the influence of these groups is gradually weakened. However, this approach is also expected to have a negative impact, as the involvement of foreign military forces could be misinterpreted as a form of colonialism by those who oppose the government’s authorisation of the attacks. This situation, in turn, creates a chance for terrorist groups to keep promoting ideologies and narratives.

Across several nations, the third quarter of 2025 has been characterised by notable developments, with terrorist and militant groups sustaining their activities in conflict areas to consolidate and strengthen their influence.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Pakistan.

(1) On 13 Jul 25, the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) launched a drone attack on the Miryan Police Station in Bannu District. This incident marked the fifth attack targeting the same police station within a month. However, the assault did not result in any casualties or structural damage. Security forces subsequently conducted a comprehensive search operation and reinforced security measures throughout the Bannu District.

(2) On 29 Sep 25, a senior leader of the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) was killed in the city of Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan. The individual, identified as Muhammad Ihsani @ Anwaar, was reportedly a key figure in ISKP’s terrorist operations, including organising training and coordinating the movement of suicide bombers into Pakistan. He also served as a facilitator in the major 2022 attack at Kocha Risaldar, Peshawar, Pakistan, which claimed 67 lives.

(3) The drone attack carried out by TTP highlights the group’s growing threat and enhanced capability to operate using advanced quadcopter technology, raising concerns over Pakistan’s security, particularly the safety of military installations. Although Pakistani security forces were unable to intercept the attack, the tightening of security measures in Bannu is expected to temporarily mitigate the threat. At the same time, Pakistan continues to face cross-border terrorism following the Taliban’s takeover in Afghanistan, with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan remaining key hotspots. The death of the ISKP leader in Mazar-i-Sharif is anticipated to weaken the group’s operational capacity while providing an opportunity for the Pakistani government to strengthen security operations and intelligence cooperation in addressing the increasingly complex threat landscape. 

b. Somalia.

(1)        15 Jul 2025, the Al-Shabaab terrorist group carried out a suicide car bombing targeting a convoy of Ugandan peacekeepers near the towns of Sabid and Anole in the Lower Shabelle region of Somalia. The deadly attack claimed the lives of 20 Ugandan peacekeepers serving under the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), while more than 43 others were injured. The incident also resulted in the deaths of nine Somali security personnel and injuries to eight others, with at least three armored vehicles destroyed in the explosion. This marked the second deadly bombing in recent weeks targeting Ugandan forces operating in the area.

(2)        On 5 Aug 25, at least 70 Al-Shabaab militants were killed in a military operation conducted by Somali security forces with support from the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) in the Lower Shabelle region. During the operation, Al-Shabaab attempted to launch a suicide bombing using two explosive-laden vehicles. However, Somali forces responded swiftly and successfully foiled the attack. The incident resulted in the deaths of two security personnel, while 12 others were injured.

(3)      Terrorist incidents in Somalia have continued to rise despite ongoing government-led operations. Al-Shabaab remains active, maintaining its modus operandi of suicide bombings across volatile regions. The group’s attacks on security forces are believed to be retaliatory, following recent territorial gains by Somali and Ugandan forces with AUSSOM’s support. Nevertheless, the successful military operation that eliminated a large number of Al-Shabaab militants marks a significant achievement for Somali forces in curbing the group’s expanding influence. In response to renewed Al-Shabaab advances in several towns, the Somali government has intensified counter-terrorism operations, particularly in the group’s strongholds. Current efforts are focused on strengthening security control in high-risk areas and restoring government presence in affected locations, a move expected to weaken Al-Shabaab’s operational network and disrupt future large-scale attacks.  

c. Syria.

d. Congo.

(1)        On 27 Jul 25, more than 40 Christian worshippers were killed in a deadly attack on a church in the town of Komanda, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The attack was believed to have been orchestrated by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a terrorist group affiliated with Daesh (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL). Daesh later claimed responsibility for the incident through its official Telegram channel. The United Nations Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) reported that at least 43 people were killed, including 19 women and nine children. The DRC government described the attack as a large-scale massacre carried out in retaliation for recent security operations targeting the ADF.

(2)      Recent developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) indicate a worsening terrorism threat, particularly in the eastern regions such as Ituri. This situation stems from the increasing frequency of attacks carried out by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a group affiliated with Daesh. Established in Uganda in the late 1990s, the ADF relocated its operations to the DRC in 2002 and pledged allegiance to Daesh in 2019. Since then, the group has continued to conduct terrorist attacks across eastern Congo. Its deliberate targeting of places of worship and civilians has not only resulted in significant loss of life but also strengthened its foothold in areas with weak security control. This ongoing instability poses a major challenge to recovery and peacebuilding efforts in the region.

e. Nigeria.

Across several nations, the second quarter of 2025 has been marked by significant events. Terrorist and militant continue operations in conflict zones in order to reinforce their presence.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Afghanistan.

(1) On 10 June 25, an armed clash broke out between the Taliban and Islamic State-Khorasan Province (ISKP) in  District 15 near the Marjan residential complex in northeastern Kabul. This incident is part of a series of intensified operations carried out by the Taliban to eliminate ISKP elements that remain active in the Afghan capital.

(2) To counter this threat, the Taliban is likely to tighten security along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border by increasing patrols and establishing additional checkpoints as a proactive measure to prevent early infiltration, besides weaken ISKP’s operational capabilities.

b. Pakistan.

(1)        On 22 Apr 25, at least 10 suspected Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants were killed and several others injured during a joint operation conducted by the Punjab Police and the Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) in Makarwal, Mianwali District, Punjab.

(2)        TTP’s growing presence in the Makarwal area, likely as a consequence of sustained military pressure in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions. The group appears to be using Makarwal’s location, near the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa border and relatively close to Balochistan, as a strategic base for operations. The Pakistani security forces’ move to target non-hotspot areas could disrupt TTP’s hiding strategy, which relies on poorly monitored locations.

c. Somalia.

d. Syria.

(1)        On 4 May 25, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) carried out an operation to arrest an individual believed to be commander of Daesh militants in the eastern rural areas of Deir ez-Zor. The suspect, identified as Hamoud Abdullah al-Khatib, also known as Abu Zakaria, was capture along with weapons and other items belonging to the senior leader.

 (2)       On 24 June 25, Syrian security forces announce the arrest of all Daesh militants responsible for the bombing of a Greek Orthodox Church in Damascus. Among those detained was a Syrian national, Muhammad al-Jamaili @ Abu Imad al-Jamaili, who is believes to be the leader of a Daesh cell in the country. The arrests followed the attack on 21 June, started when a Daesh suicide bomber opened fire before blowing up his explosive vest targeting Christian worshippers attending morning mass at the church. The blast killed at least 25 people, injured 63 others and caused extensive damage to the church’s infrastructure, including its main worship hall.

(3)        This latest attack reflects the persistent threat posed by the Daesh terrorist group and highlights the continued presence of extremist elements within Syrian population. However, under the current leadership, the government has shown strong commitment to restoring national security through sustained efforts by security forces targeting Daesh’s infrastructure and support networks to destroy terrorist cells and enhance stability in Syria.

e. India.

Several significant developments occurred in various countries during the first quarter of 2025. The threat of terrorism has notably escalated at both global and regional levels, with emerging trends particularly evident in Europe and Africa. The risk has grown more pronounced following the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Terrorist groups, especially Daesh, continue to effectively exploit social media platforms to spread their ideology. Agencies such as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) must conduct regular surveillance of social media and video-sharing platforms like YouTube, as such content can pose a threat to national security and may need to be restricted for Malaysian users when necessary.

The following are the highlights of recent terrorism-related occurrences around the world:

a.  Afghanistan.

(1)  On 11 Feb 25, a series of suicide bombings took place targeting a gathering in front of Kabul Bank in Kunduz. The attack, orchestrated by the Islamic State in Khorasan Province (ISKP) terrorist group, killed at least 18 people, while 14 others were injured. Most of the victims were members of the Taliban security forces.

(2) The surge in ISKP attacks in Afghanistan underscores the country’s persistent instability. Since 2021, the Taliban-led government has been viewed as unable to fully maintain national security. These terrorist incidents not only heighten safety concerns within Afghanistan but also threaten the stability of neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan, as Afghanistan is increasingly seen as a refuge for extremist groups. Additionally, such attacks appear aimed at discouraging foreign investment and portraying the Afghan government as ineffective in safeguarding the nation. ISKP is anticipated to intensify its assaults, particularly targeting government leaders and Taliban security personnel, in an effort to maintain Daesh’s presence and influence within the country.

b. United States.

(1) On 1 Jan 25, a tragic incident occurred on Bourbon Street in New Orleans, United States, where a four-wheel drive vehicle plowed into a crowd, resulting in 15 civilian deaths and injuring over 30 others. The attacker, Shamsud-Din Jabbar, a 42-year-old U.S. citizen and military veteran who served as an IT specialist in Afghanistan around 2009, was identified at the scene. Initial investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have deemed the event a terrorist act, based on the discovery of a Daesh flag, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and firearms inside the vehicle.

(2) Vehicle-ramming attacks targeting civilians in the United States are not a new phenomenon. However, the recent incident in New Orleans has garnered widespread attention due to its apparent connection to terrorism. Preliminary evidence, including a video recording in which the suspect expressed support for the Daesh terrorist group and declared his intent to carry out an attack, suggests premeditation. This event highlights how lone-wolf tactics are increasingly being adopted by terrorist actors to execute their operations. In response, U.S. authorities are expected to strengthen security measures to prevent similar attacks. Additionally, the incident presents a major challenge for the newly inaugurated U.S. President, who must navigate national security concerns while addressing public sentiment and working to prevent the escalation of Islamophobia within American society. 

c. Pakistan.

(1) On 2 Feb 25, two separate military operations in Pakistan’s Balochistan Province led to the deaths of 18 Pakistani soldiers and 23 Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants. In the Harnai district, 11 TTP fighters were killed and several of their fortified positions were dismantled. Meanwhile, another 12 militants were eliminated during an attempted roadblock operation in Mangocher, located in the Kalat District.

(2) The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) launched a deadly assault in Bolan, Balochistan, killing at least 31 people and hijacking a passenger train carrying hundreds. During the incident, 33 BLA members were also killed. The attack began when the Jaffer Express, traveling from Quetta to Peshawar, was taken over by BLA militants as it entered a tunnel in the Sibi area. The group initially released 104 hostages—58 men, 31 women, and 15 children—while the remaining captives were only freed after the Pakistani government met the group’s demands.

(3) Pakistan has experienced a sharp increase in terrorist incidents, especially in the Balochistan region. The country’s security forces have responded promptly to threats, particularly efforts by Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) to launch attacks aimed at creating instability by targeting civilians. In addition, the insurgency by the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) has escalated following the leasing of Gwadar Port to China under the Belt and Road Initiative. The BLA perceives this development as serving the interests of China and the Pakistani government, while offering no tangible benefits to the economically disadvantaged Baloch population. Pakistan’s security forces have remained resolute in their efforts to combat terrorism, reflecting the government’s strong commitment to regional stability. Nevertheless, the continued wave of attacks by militant groups is likely to hinder the progress of security operations in Balochistan. 

d. Somalia.

(1) On 21 Jan 25, seven members of the Somali National Army (SNA) and 15 Daesh Somalia militants were killed in two separate battles in the Puntland region of Somalia. The first clash occurred when an improvised explosive device (IED) planted by Daesh militants detonated as the Somali forces were conducting mine clearance operations. The second clash ensued during a military operation conducted in the vicinity of Laba-Afle.

(2) On 11 Feb 25, a coordinated attacks by Daesh Somalia militants targeted a security base in Puntland, leading to the fatalities of 27 Puntland security personnel and over 70 Daesh militants, with approximately 60 others sustaining injuries. The attack, which occurred in the rugged terrain of Togga Jacel in the Cal Miskaad Mountain range, involved a suicide bombing operation in which both vehicles and motorcycles, packed with explosives, were driven into the base.

(3) The Somali branch of Daesh has concentrated its activities in the Puntland region, taking advantage of Al-Shabaab’s declining dominance there, unlike its firm control in southern Somalia. Although Daesh remains smaller in size compared to Al-Shabaab, which is affiliated with Al-Qaeda, recent developments show a significant rise in its operations. This increase is largely driven by an estimated growth in its ranks to about 600 members, fueled by new recruits from the Middle East as well as Eastern and Northern Africa. The expansion is also believed to be connected to Daesh’s strategic shift of its central leadership from Syria to Somalia. Clashes between Daesh and Puntland security forces have intensified, especially after Puntland escalated counter-terrorism efforts in early February 2025. Despite collaborative efforts with the United States to limit Daesh’s influence, completely eliminating the group remains a long-term challenge due to continued support from foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs). As a result, Puntland is expected to enhance its border security to block external aid that could strengthen Daesh’s presence in the region.

e. Syria.

(1) On 15 Feb 25, a senior Daesh leader from Iraq was captured in Syria on charges of recruiting foreign fighters and orchestrating terrorist attacks. Syrian intelligence confirmed the arrest of the individual, identified by the alias Abu al-Harith Al-Iraqi. The suspect is believed to have held a significant role in Iraq, overseeing the recruitment of foreign militants and being heavily involved in planning terrorist activities. Al-Iraqi is also suspected of masterminding the assassination plot against Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) leader Maysar al-Jubouri and is thought to have led a Daesh cell dismantled on January 11, 2025, which was planning an attack on the Sayyida Zainab Shrine, a key religious site for Shia Muslims near Damascus.

(2) On 9 March 25, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), with the backing of the US-led Global Coalition, successfully captured a senior Daesh leader during a military operation in al-Busaira, Deir ez-Zor. The operation resulted in the arrest of Khalid Marbab Ubaid, also known as Abu Omar. This Daesh operative was a key figure in supplying weapons and ammunition to Daesh sleeper cells responsible for a series of attacks targeting SDF forces, security personnel, and civilians throughout Syria.

(3) Daesh continues to pose a significant threat in Syria, with an increasing number of attacks reported throughout 2024. Following the collapse of the Assad regime, Daesh has capitalized on the ongoing instability, targeting key SDF strongholds and attempting to free detained members from SDF-controlled prisons. Several Daesh cells are believed to remain active in central and eastern Syria. The interim Syrian government, now led by Ahmed al-Sharaa, a former leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which played a key role in overthrowing the Assad regime, currently controls large portions of Syria, including the capital, Damascus. Despite HTS’s extremist affiliations, it continues to receive support from several countries, including Turkey. The SDF’s decision to transfer authority over its prisons to the interim government is expected to enhance cooperation with HTS and improve control over detained Daesh militants.